<iframe src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/11iRpS8XKNlxyl5jZ8ny_qUtuvSVPOv6t/preview" width="100%" height="80" allow="autoplay"></iframe> to do it later today, but I had meetings all morning. I've been around the world many times. Well, I guess the way I'd like to start is to say that Ben Kramer pointed out that that he felt like Americans would fall asleep if we had translation in the way we filmed it. Which I tend to agree. I don't know how long. How long was Ben and Candace segment in the final take? Do you guys know? Just over 45 minutes. Oh. Yeah. Yeah, I got to think about that. We might have to break things down smaller. I think 40 even with translation 45 minutes is too long. Am I right? Tim? Yeah, it's a little bit. It's, we've noticed less people watching the full videos that are 40 to 50 minutes of yours than the ones that are the ones that were like 30 minutes. Yeah. So maybe we should cut those. Maybe we should cut that one into two pieces, I guess. I, I, and it was exactly half translation, I guess, right? Geshla, you suggested that we do two takes, one with translation, one without. Yeah, I'm just saying that even a take with translation maybe shouldn't be more than 20 minutes, right? I think so, but Tim, he's missing in action. Yeah. So can I put in a vote for like a like a UN style, you know, interpreter? So you, you know, we do the take and then it gets overdubbed, you know, by a, you know, by Stanley or Allison or whoever who can, you know. So it's quite clear that it's like a simultaneous translation, even though it's not simultaneous, but that's just... It depends who the audience is and where it target is. And if we're going for American audiences, yes, I think having the translation will lose people's interest. But people who don't speak English, the reason we chose to do the Long Rim the way we did is because so many people like to hear the main speaker, what they say in their native language, and then they like to hear it in translation. They actually retain it better. And a lot of them are interested in learning English as well, and it's a way for them to learn, too. That's the way I, that's the take I have on it also from what I've gathered from the Lam Rim is that if you're not an English speaker and Geshe Michael is speaking in English, you like, you like it that way when he talks in English and then there's a gap for your language. And I, yeah, someone asked about subtitles. The problem with subtitles is a lot of people listen to these things on the way to work and they don't watch them. So, you, but when you have subtitles, you kind of disallow people from listening to it. Stanley, you had a comment? Yeah, I like what Tim just said. And I also think having both like this original speaking, English speaking of the speaker and the translator having both voice without disturbing each other can create better bonding between the speaker and the audience. If the audience know what the speaker sounds like, it's a great thing. And if the audience can understand what the speaker is speaking about, that's a great thing. So I think I suggest we do both also. Go ahead Allison. Actually before we gave this suggestion, I gave this suggestion to Connie because I think in this way, usually we do the long room style and then Gieshu Michael is the as the main speaker and then we have that translated into Chinese or any language. But I think in this case I'm also up for doing the voice over. Voice over and for the English speaker, they can choose to listen to the original voice of each of you. But for the non-English speaker, they can choose the voice over in different language. Can I suggest twice as much work? I already like the suggestion and I think what you're going to suggest is that, look, look, these segments are only going to be 10 or 10 to 20 minutes long, or 10 to 15 minutes long. So I don't think it's a big imposition on the speaker to record it again in English without a translator. Is that what you're going to say, right? Yep, that's what I was going to suggest. I agree with Ben that I had trouble myself sitting through the Saturday, you know, and I also, my own mind got distracted waiting for the English to come and so I think since all the presenters are are pretty much native English speakers, even Stanley, because he was he was born watching American movies and so I how about that what do you guys think about that? Is it again are you saying like that we would um we would just do another video like a separate video of just English? Yeah I propose that Saturday's uh final take is English plus Chinese because I want to approve the phrasing. And then each speaker is required to do another final take, say on Sunday, with their own iPhone for the American audience. And what I'm thinking is, since mostly you're going to be limited to 10 minutes mostly anyway, take it three times on Sunday or take it five times on Sunday. You know, I mean, get it exactly the way you want it for the English speakers, you know what I mean? And I don't know about Saturday's thing. We're already getting people on this team who say, I don't have time to do this. And, you know, so I don't know. Do you wanna, you can even, I mean, in theory, you could sit there with Stanley Nelson and yourself and maybe you'd feel more comfortable and less nervous than presenting in front of 20 people but then i had the counter thought that uh that it's good practice for you guys because you're gonna have to learn to to do things you're gonna have to learn to do final takes essentially in front of other people uh except a hundred people or a thousand people so oh sorry is that new york it's your ray i don't even know what's going on since we're all in It sounds like just like New York. So what do you guys I mean I so that's my theory. I mean I don't know what's going to happen when we go back to normal reality and I have to go on tours and stuff but maybe we just keep up the schedule with whoever can do it. Monday I present the material, Wednesday, Monday night you bid on the question, Wednesday it's kind of a longer session where you get critiqued by five or six people in alphabetical order. Thursday, right? Thursday and then Saturday you do your take with Chinese translation from Stanley else and because they're they're not going to be here forever either hopefully and maybe we can get uh the the first uh chapter in the can you know maybe we can get that up online uh the yoga sutra first chapter before the world goes back to normal and uh and that would be a good goal in 10 weeks you know to try to do that in 10 weeks so and then on Sunday you you take you do your own take at home with your camera and and then then you can do it as many times as you want you can do it five times if you want and you pick the best one you ask your dog jaru or you ask your kid mooncake to tell you which was the best and what do you think? I think it's a great idea Geshlem. Okay all right I vote unanimously that it's a good idea all right. Can I ask about the individual video just for the sake of preparing? We did we went way too long and we were told 35 minutes we did not have more content than the previous take before translation where we did we did 12 minutes but um we can tweak i think we can still do one video up to you right i mean it's it's a seven part question but i think that kendra and i can just tighten it up a lot i mean it's we had no idea that what had been 12 minutes was going to be 35 when we did a translation but that's way fixable we'll just we'll just cut it we'll just cut a bunch we'll just make it tighter it is the very first video that people watch after JB and it actually the first few videos are going to make or break us with a lot of people and I think they better be short I would split you guys I don't know what do you guys think Personally, I would split. I would see how it is condensed. I think that, I think it's doable. I think it's, to split that into two sessions, it's too much of one topic. It won't hold people's interest as much as if you get it done. As I was translating for Ben and Kendra, I realized there are quite a lot of repetition. you were talking. So I think there's all, you can totally condense the whole thing and you two together are perfect though. I don't, I don't want to just flip into two videos. Yeah, I think the review at the end was longer than the original presentation. So yeah, that was too long. So I think, I think I agree with Earl and those guys. if you I think it I think it goes you're you're too good together and and it it's kind of a nice precedent to set for the whole series so if you can tighten it down to I don't know what I was told 17 minutes is the exact limit of an American attention span right now so That's a tad talk. 18 minutes. With the translation. We can tighten it a lot. It's no problem. The other thing I want to ask you, if I can, is what you think of Kendra's shower curtain. We had issues that resulted from the fact that we were recording outside, and I don't know if there's much we can do about that. Now we have this lovely shower curtain. I love the palm tree. I don't like the shower curtain. I think I do think Tim's background, although it's too religious, is, you know, it's not moving. So maybe you guys, it can be part of your presentation to decide what you want as the background. Right? Right. Please. Oh, I didn't even know. Anatole posted the video. And so I would invite everybody to take a look at it and then decide what you think is best once you take a look at that video. I think in my opinion, and you guys can tell me what you think, right now looking at all of you Tim's looks the most attractive to me. It's a nice background, it's not, it's kind of inspiring and it's not, yeah just look flip through all the gallery view and I think that's the, There's only Ben and Ben and Tim look chill right now. I don't know. There's a technology problem with the virtual backgrounds, which is that they can be glitchy and it depends on a lot of things. It depends on the processor of the computer. It depends on the other day mine wasn't working as well and now it seems really good. The other day Kendra's head was disappearing and reappearing. um and uh it can be glitchy and problematic but that was on purpose a little bit a little bit what do the rest you guys think you want to have a mix i think unless we get everyone a new computer we won't all be able to use virtual backgrounds uh it's a processor thing i think a mix is nice i thought the background for brady's class was really nice i thought it looked great i would i would have a hard time finding the light and the that situation in my house i'd have to have a virtual one would be best i just tried to uh again for some reason our software isn't maybe i just need to update the computer's operating system but it wasn't working with the virtual back on here. It's very glitchy. So I think that many people will encounter that issue. Sometimes you also have to clean your little the little FaceTime video camera there. Sometimes that screen is yours is blurry so it might be a little bit dirty. So just wipe that off. You have to ask Mooncake to quit slobbering on it. Okay well then I suggest we take on Saturday Ben and Kendra and they try to tighten it up and we'll have Chinese translation and then if you want to cut an English version before that with both of you people could comment it for you, but let's, why don't you see if you can get it down to to 15 minutes or something, 17 minutes. And I don't know it's weird, but an extra minute is a lot in in this world nowadays, so yeah. Well somebody's, okay, Oh, people said they ordered. Yeah, okay. All right, so I'm just going to go ahead with today's stuff. Is that okay? We're ready. Okay. And I asked Connie again to send out the first two homework masters. I don't know where we'll get to the second one, but we'll get to the first one. I sent it to you on email just now. I think everyone got all the homework masters, but if you didn't talk to Connie. Connie you have all of them right? Yes. Okay so we're going to go through the third question and I suggest we redo John's on on Saturday also okay and I was thinking about John's and I and I I still think we gotta we gotta be more we can't have so much foreign in it I think we can't have too much Sanskrit in it I think it will it'll reduce the viewership you know it's my my opinion what do you guys think I when I've been teaching lately because I try to follow your I try to follow your example with DCI at the yoga studio and I like to give the English word first and then sometimes I if I feel like the Sanskrit word is very powerful like I love the word shraddha and I was talking about that a lot this week I'll say faith or shraddha in Sanskrit and but I try to limit how much I give but I do like to because some of the words are so beautiful I do like to give them sometimes. I would-- I would-- I got this feeling that when I do Lam Rim, I read the Tibetan. And that reduces the number of people who watch it. And I'm OK with that. And that's what that's for. But I feel like if we hit them with more than two or three Sanskrit words in a presentation, it becomes-- they get a resistance to it and then they don't watch the next one. You know what I mean? Like one or two per session or something. Yeah. Something like that. Uh, I'm thinking that I would, I would struggle with that. It just has to be like a rationale, you know, for, you know, use it sparingly. And then, you know, you, you know, you following your lead to talk about the connection between Sanskrit and modern languages. So there, you know, it's something that just naturally comes up, but otherwise it may be not so, not so relevant to most people. Yeah. I think when you hit Adishesha for me, I got lost. I, I heard, I felt my mind turn off and then I, you know, I remember when I didn't know the word bodhisattva and I remember when I didn't know the word bodhicitta and I remember when I didn't know the word sansara I still remember my first classes in in India and uh and it was very hard for me and I and I love languages and I remember struggling I thought oh I I don't think I can do this because I have to learn a whole new language the problem is your question that you were assigned uh is all about the language so uh but yeah why don't you try to shoot it uh you know and try you know try to try to refer to those beings uh with other words i don't know yeah well i think that naturally it's going to also tighten up a lot doing it with a with the translator. I have to modify it a lot so okay that I think will come naturally I believe. I also don't believe that the the English only version has to follow exactly the version you did with the translator and I think what you're saying is it's going to be natural for all of us to to simplify things when we speak through a translator. I tend to simplify my English and then when you speak on it without a translator I think it so what I'm saying is you guys don't feel some big pressure that your Sunday recording has to very much match the English of your Saturday recording you know what i mean uh do what comes naturally uh vimla made a note here that i love kendra using highest potential instead of enlightenment and i also i think i forgot to mention but i thought it was fantastic uh i thought that was a really good idea too and then i almost played around with uh starting the video series in the middle so that by the time we got used to it we could film the first ones you see what i mean the the first two or three videos are going to be the one that where people decide they don't want to do this or they do want to do this and in a way we're going to be better at it after six weeks than we are now but uh but i changed my i just thought we're also going through it logically in our own minds so I thought we'll just let's just stick with it okay so John and Ben and Kendra John John C we filmed again on Saturday okay and John Brady how did you guys can we keep John Brady's thing with the translation and ask him just to do it English only on Sunday what do you guys think I think John Brady's was fantastic but I think it could still be done again okay I think so too by the way John Brady my thing about yours was that you never you referred to the poses as asanas and you never referred to them as poses in the whole in the whole presentation if i didn't know the word asana uh i i i wouldn't didn't know you what you were talking about so if you go over your video again uh your saturday video john brady you'll see that uh in the first three quarters you never call the poses poses you call them asanas and people just don't know what you're talking about you know like percentage don't know the word asana. Okay, I'll change it. Okay, so we'll refilm all three of them on Saturday, okay, with translator, and then you guys can, I propose that by Sunday night, you have to be done with your English only version, and it has to be submitted to Connie, right? Good Connie. Yeah, good with that. That sounds good. Okay. That's, yes, that would be great. And also if there are any other images you have, then I would like those well in advance so that we can use them on, do we need them for Thursday chat? No. Connie. Maybe some. Connie, I have a suggestion for PowerPoint. You can send us a template of yours and that each speaker just have to fill in their own PowerPoint. You don't have to do all these things, I think. Oh, okay. Like send one of yours as an example to all of the speakers. Oh, all I mean is taking directly whatever pictures Geshe-la sends me and putting them in the exact same order that he sends them. Right. That's it. But it still takes time to like reposition the picture, make it full screen all those things it's gonna take time if you have too much to do that's why we were asking for it the day before actually Stanley so it's it's okay I would kind of prefer I would kind of prefer because we have to being as it is a uh a webinar we need to run the powerpoint so far I mean they they finished the powerpoint sent it to you directly okay that's what I suggest, just suggestions. Sure. Okay, let's get going for today. And I did not prepare images and I'll do it, I'll try to do it this after this and I'll send them to you guys. Okay, Connie? And I just, I've been on meetings since morning. Okay, question three is, by the way, when you see an asterisk on the master it means I felt that question was important enough to add to the quiz that the people would take. So obviously when you print the homeworks you make sure there's no asterisks on them because then the student would know what the quiz questions are. Okay. Why is learning Sanskrit important? Number one, a basic knowledge of Sanskrit and the important text written in it allows us to speak more accurately and authentically about short-term and long-term goals of yoga. Okay. And I was trying to sell the idea that roughly with every two verses the students in the class would learn a new Sanskrit word. So by the end of the course they would know about 50 Sanskrit words. The most important 50 Sanskrit words in the first chapter. So that was my general goal. Sometimes I got to a verse that didn't have any interesting Sanskrit words in it that they didn't already know. And then, you know, but that's one reason is that you can speak more accurately and authentically. Secondly, the English language and in fact a broad range of languages throughout a large part of the world, from Iran to Iceland and to North and South America because they came linguistically from Iran and Iceland except for the native people, all derived from Sanskrit. So I think that's an interesting point for most people is that, you know, I designed this course for people in mainly in New York City. They're all native English speakers and I thought it would be, You know, it's interesting to know that our language we speak is coming from the language that the Yoga Sutra was written in. The third point here is that the first, His Holiness is the first Dalai Lama. And we may want to not mention Dalai Lamas if we intend to make these available in China. So I personally feel like a big market for all you guys, your online courses, your online yoga courses, and also your yoga sutra courses is going to be the Chinese audience. So I guess I would take that out of the presentation. I wouldn't refer to the Dalai Lama. There's something in China where mentioning the first dilemma is kind of okay and mentioning the current dilemma is not okay. But one thing you have to understand about security stuff in any country is that people are watched not by the people who wrote the law. They are watched by low-paid policemen oftentimes. and they don't make a distinction. To expect an online censor to make the distinction between the first dilemma and the current dilemma, they can't, they won't. So you kind of have to avoid all dangerous subjects at all. When you might be censored, when you're speaking in a country that might be censored. So I wouldn't mention it, but anyway, It's a famous fact and it's also in the Yoga Sutra, Sarvabhutaruttasnyanam, that enlightened people speak in Sanskrit and their words are understood by all the people in their own languages. If you're teaching this, a section like this in a country which is heavily Christian, which almost doesn't exist anymore. Like I tried to explain this point in Spain because I thought everyone's heavily Christian. And then I said, Jesus also, after the resurrection, spoke to all his disciples in their own tongues. You see what I mean? That's the same idea that an enlightened person can speak in the tongues of the people listening. They can speak one sentence and everyone hears their own language. Jesus did it also. and I mentioned that in Spain and I remember someone told me after the class they said don't talk about that stuff in Spain we don't we don't like it you know because you know the the church was in bed with Franco during the during the Nazi times you know what I mean and they objected that I mentioned the Christianity so so what I'm saying is even if you mentioned Jesus in this third point. Make sure it's in an audience that won't object, okay? And you kind of have to learn what each country feels about different religions. So learning Sanskrit supposedly plants a seed for the ability to speak to everyone in their own language by beginning with speaking in Sanskrit and then people hear their own language. So now you've got three reasons to to learn Sanskrit. Number one, you can teach more accurately and authentically if you have a basic knowledge of Sanskrit. Secondly, one of the largest language groups in the world comes from Sanskrit. Actually, if you include Spanish and English, then that's a lot. Thirdly, if you learn to speak Sanskrit or you learn about Sanskrit, sooner or later when your channels are all straightened you did inner and outer then you'll be speaking in Sanskrit. And then thirdly, fourthly, as we mentioned the Sanskrit language itself traditionally is explained as that the shapes of the letters come from the shapes of certain inner channels and the inner winds. So it is the sound of your own inner body singing inside of you. So I think by the way the word singing here in the homework answer is a little poetic and people like that sometimes. I think they get irritated if you're too poetic in a yoga class and you're all poetic and no information. But also if you're all information and no poetry, it's also kind of boring for people. Okay four question number four and don't forget you guys are free to bid on a question that calls to you that you think is something you would like to answer. It says give the root of the Sanskrit word for sutra and give five different flavors of the Sanskrit word okay so the Sanskrit word sutra and In the homework, this homework was written before you could easily put diacritics and system that we developed at Hi, everyone. Maybe we could stop sharing our videos. So because Geshe was frozen right now, I'm not sure if that'll help. But let's give it a try. Maybe it's just Geshe and Michael's network. Still there? Now we can hear you. We're all here, Geshe. We just stopped sharing our video, so perhaps we thought maybe that would be helpful, but I think it was something that happened through your bandwidth. - Okay. Okay, I can still see you guys. Okay, so anyway, you guys are gonna have to learn the old, or I can change the homework, I can update the homework now that we can make easily Sanskrit diacritics. I think it's useful, I think learning to say vowels of Sanskrit correctly is a really great thing. For example, "acharya" would mean a great master and "acharya" would mean not a great master. And what's that famous example we like to use? Shastra and Shastra. One means a sword and one means a commentary. So I think it's useful if all you guys, and that's probably why we're doing these classes, learn to say the vowels correctly, the long vowels and the short vowels. Okay, so I'm just gonna, in this case we have the word Sutra and in the technical spelling I will include the diacritics and and I will ask you to pronounce them correctly and then I have a feeling that when I do translations for example I will not even attempt to indicate the correct spelling of the the correct pronunciation of the Sanskrit. I'll let the reader mispronounce it any way they want like Moscow instead of Moskva. So sutra here is not spelled with a long U and in a document I wouldn't impose Sanskrit diacritics on the reader because they can't understand it. And I have a theory about language, is that you have to decide who you want to be the audience. So I would not put the diacritics in a layman's book about yoga. I think you're just creating more obstacles for the reader. Your job is to have less obstacles for the reader or they will get tired and they will give up. So I think it's important not to put diacritics in a book which is meant for lay people, unless you have a footnote where it's important, where something is important, okay. But in general when I quoted roots in this course I quoted the correct spelling. So Yeah, yeah, Ananda as opposed to Ananda. That's a good example, Tim. I like to use that example because Ananda means very happy. Long A means very. And Ananda, Ananda means the person who's not happy. So I think it's good if internally we can pronounce things correctly. So sutra is a long U. The two roots are Siv and Su. And it'd be nice if you guys could learn the difference between a short vowel and a long vowel. There are two differences. One is that the value or the sound itself is different. And the second is the length of the of the sound is different. So traditionally in Sanskrit they would say the length of a long vowel is twice as long as the length of a short vowel. So I'll give an example. Shastra or Shastra. So what you, I'll say it again Shastra for what is it? Sword and Shastra. Shastra is sword. Shastra is commentary. Yeah, by the way, where are you, Mr. Smith? Are you home? Yes, I'm at Lydia's house. It would be nice to write your good friend and tell him you're home, okay? I'm so sorry. All right. All right. So yeah, that's a good example. Shastra. what I want to point out is it's ah as opposed to ah okay so it's shastra as opposed to shastra but there's also a differing length of the vowel so shastra is considered one beat and shastra is considered two beats so I think it'd be cool if all the speakers on our platform could pronounce the Sanskrit words exactly correctly. And then when we write things or when we present things for lay people in the writing we don't insist that, like I didn't put a long U here on sutra, right? But when we teach I think it'd be nice if we all spoke it correctly, okay? So I'm gonna be tough on that. Siv and shu. So these are the two roots for the word to sew and the cognates and I think although I don't like to give new words to the students I think to to get the students in the yoga sutra course to understand the word cognate which John presented it, John C presented it nicely in his talk. It's a new word for foreigner, for English speakers. It doesn't pass what we call the waiter test. A waiter in a restaurant, if they ever reopen, wouldn't know the word cognate. But I think for students in the yoga sutra course it's useful to teach them the word cognate. And because we're gonna keep... I can't read that comment. uh yeah maybe so i'm just saying that as speakers bureau it would be nice if you guys pronounce things correctly and then in in normal writing for example or your homeworks it unless it's important for the person to know something is okay long or short so let's go through the basic vowels right four basic vowels uh u u e a uh uh uh and ah okay so like uh ananda and ananda are different so uh as opposed to ah the value of the vowel is different a as opposed to ah and then i is twice as long. So two differences between the short a and the long a. If you get your vowels straight in Sanskrit and a few other details then the world is good. Okay u, sutra or sutra, so it's just longer. And then the difference in i value is i as opposed to e. like there's a difference between a bit of vegetables and a beet, the vegetable beet. Okay, so that's a difference between a short eye and a long eye. Okay, bit and beet. So you can practice on your own. Okay, the sacred cord that Brahmins wear over their shoulders is also called a sutra and in this sense a sutra in the sense of a string is tying together many short ideas with a string. I think this is a good place by the way to address the thing that some people call the yoga sutras and I've seen manuscripts to say sutrani, sutrani instead of sutram. So there is an argument for saying it should be translated as yoga sutras and then each verse is considered a sutra in itself but I think for students it's easier for the people that you're going to teach on this platform just to refer to it as the yoga sutra. Technically you could say sutras and and sutra has come into the English language with the word Kama Sutra or you know the book of love and whatever desire and it's never used in plural in normal English so I wouldn't I wouldn't translate it as Yoga Sutras and I don't think it's gonna sell and I don't think it's gonna stick. I don't think in 50 years people will ever say yoga sutras. Okay, the second meaning of sutra is that the word is literal and that there used to be a thread that was used, they punch a hole and this is where a picture would be good and I'll give you pictures. they would punch a hole in the pages and of the palm leaves and they would hold the book together with a string so that's probably why they're called sutra and I know we we could have added here the Chinese radical for silk is part of the of the of the character for jing meaning sutra so there is a thread, literally there's a thread in the Chinese character. In the third section here is, then I gave three meanings of sutra as it's translated into Tibetan which is ndo, okay? And when I use a word like a Tibetan word in this course, first I will give the pronunciation 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 地 and then in parentheses I'll put the technical spelling if I think it would be helpful. And I ignore the technical spelling where I think it would be more work for the reader. Okay, so there's Stanley. Yeah, the upper left hand corner as I understand it is the radical for silk meaning threads together. Okay, So the first meaning of 'do' in in Tibetan is short okay and it just means brief and so the word sutra is often meant to indicate that the work is written in brief and when I think about this the person I always think of is Nagarjuna who was a master at this pithy short works. I think almost everything written by him is in poetry and extremely short. So I think you know it would be nice to have when you present things like this it's always nice to find a moral in the homework that's something people can take home and use for their personal life. And I think when you say the meaning of sutra is literally short. I think you can point out that the great masters of ancient India most often were people of few words like Muni used for Lord Buddha. The word Muni means a person who doesn't talk too much. And it became a word for a master. And I keep thinking about Miles Davis saying, less is more. So I think when you hit part three here in the explanation of the word sutra, you can throw in your moral message for your students and you can say it's a tradition that the word Yoga Sutra itself, it's a characteristic of a yogi or a person who's got their spiritual life together that they normally don't talk too much and they don't chatter. They are accustomed to saying what they have to say in few words and saying it. Okay. I have a bad habit of interrupting people like I interrupted Tim earlier. and you could even go off on that so the idea is that even as you cover a technical thing like the meaning of the word sutra you try to bring it home to your students of something that that they could benefit personally from in this homework so you can say you know it's a tradition in india and it's a tradition among yogis and yoginis, that they don't chatter, they don't blah blah too much. And I think it was Atisha said, once you get two people together, you're gonna have chatter. And so he was very much of the belief that when a yogi gets in a group of more than one person, they should watch that they're not over-talking. Because we tend to over-talk as soon as we have one other person in the room. We will talk too much. I know Veronica, for example, she prefers not to have an ongoing conversation all day. Like she'll say, let's not talk for half an hour or 45 minutes, and let's just be with each other. So I think you could help your students on this Homer question. you could take a very valuable, I think, digression in the third part about encouraging your students not to learn the art of only speaking when they have something to say, something meaningful to say. And I think right now with the virus, it's just people are over talking the virus like crazy. So, okay, the fourth meaning of the word Do in Tibet is a sumdo is an expression that means a place where two roads cross each other or two paths cross each other and I mean we could go off on that for quite a while there's a famous story of remember the guy who was asked to remember memorize Omani Pemihun and when he got to Om Mani he would forget Pemehū and when he did Pemehū he forget Om Mani he was so dull that he couldn't remember the he was so dull that he couldn't remember Om Mani when he Om when he got to he couldn't remember Om Mani when he got to Pemehū and vice versa and his name I think is Pantaka Chudha Pantaka meaning he was, his nurse was told to stand with the baby at a 'do', which means a crossroads and say or show certain honor to Buddhist monks and Hindu saints. So I mean you could get off on, I don't think it would be so important to do it here, but just to point out what it means, do, one of the meanings of sutra is where important ideas intersect. For example, one chapter might focus on meditation and another chapter might focus on knowledge and then you could talk about the intersection of knowledge and meditation Because that's partly what the word sutra means, or inner and outer methods, that the Yoga Sutra is an intersection of using physical means to, what did we call it? What did we decide was good for enlightenment? - To reach your highest potential. - Oh yeah. - Full potential. - Yeah, so highest potential is in a way, it's a sutra, meaning it's a crossing of the meditation, inner method and outer method. So the word sutra could be interpreted as an intersection of inner method and outer method. Okay, meditation say and asana, yoga poses. Okay, the final one here is though, in the sense of the main beam in a house. And in Tibet, in India, you couldn't make very big houses 'cause there was no lumber that could hold up the whole roof before structural steel. Pretty much the size of buildings was limited by the length of a easily obtainable piece of wood. So, Do was the main beam that goes through a house. And in that sense, the word Sutra conveys the most central meaning of our lives, or the most important themes in our lives, such as compassion. So, to review this question, it's kind of important, because the first Sutra, the first use of sutra means you tie together great ideas like beads on a rosary. The second sutra is the string that goes through the book. The third sutra is stressing you don't talk too much and you say what you have to say in few words. The fourth one is the idea of a crossroads, for example inner and outer methods. And then the fifth one is the idea of a central theme that runs through your whole life. Okay so I think this is a sexy question for someone who's attracted to this kind of a presentation. Okay the fifth homework question is the yoga sutra is divided into four sections or chapters which are named pada okay and am I right John long a? I guess. I'm not sure I forget. So we're asking to speak a little bit deeper about this word. So the first, the word pada, it means a leg, okay? The word pada. So there are four padas. And if your student's gonna learn, let's say the goal of this course, this first chapter Yoga Sutra course, is that your students, and again, I think we should market this to people who wanna be yoga teachers, which has turned out to be a whole class of people in America who would like some flexibility in their life. They would like to not work nine to five. And the whole idea of owning a Yoga Sutra has become an option for a huge amount of Americans. And so if they're gonna learn 50 words from the first chapter, it'd be useful to learn the word chapter. So there are four chapters, and there's a debate about how many chapters there are in the Yoga Sutra. I think it would be sort of natural to think that there might be four chapters in the sense of four legs, you know, like on a table. And here it says, "English kodniks for pada are pedestrian and pedal, both of which are connected to your feet." Probably foot comes from that also actually. And the most common Tibetan translation is Gangba, which also refers to the four legs of a table or the four cornerstones that support a building. So you can say that the choice of Pada as the name for chapter in the four chapters is meant to give the student of the Yoga Sutra the sense that the whole philosophy of yoga and the whole practice of yoga and the whole perfection of a person is, yeah, word says pada, it is nange. The whole perfection of a person, what do you call it? I forgot again. - Highest potential? - Yeah, reaching your highest potential depends on four different foundation stones, okay? Four different foundation stones. So this question, I would guess, is only a few minutes. The emphasis is that there are four corners to the foundation of a house, there are four legs to a table, and we are going to, and the structure of the Yoga Sutra is four components of life that would help you, okay, that would help you reach your fullest potential. Okay, cool. And by the way, I mean, we imposed, I imposed a structure on the four chapters. There's a lot of argument about whether there were only three or whether the whole thing was slowly put together over the centuries. I prefer to present it as, you know, Patanjali's intention that we will be learning four different chapters. Each chapter will help us learn one essential personal quality that all four, we can have a solid foundation in our life. And by the way, I don't think it would be inappropriate to mention the four legs that we teach in DCI or ACI as qualities of a good teacher. So and what are they? Tim, are you up for that? Yeah. Let's do it together, but you start. The first one is content. You know, is really understanding the content accurately and knowing it completely. Okay, good. First leg of a table. The second one would be presentation. Yeah, good. Like you can know the material and be a lousy presenter or you can be a great presenter and not know anything okay. And the third one is production. Yeah and and then it's like you can and by the way this applies to all you guys you can be a you can know your yoga sutra very well and you can present in a very professional skillful way which is very interesting to people. But if you don't know how to get people to a talk, it doesn't matter. So you know, and it's kind of, it seems too mechanical for a spiritual thing, but getting people to your talk is not a small spiritual skill, it's a big spiritual skill, you know, because it doesn't matter how well you play piano, how well you know it, and how well you wave your arms around as you play if no one's in the audience, okay? So basically getting people to come. Fourth one? I would also add into that if we're doing online training to be able to the quality of the videoing, the audio, the lighting, all that kind of stuff, because if it looks bad no one's gonna watch it. Which is similar it's a similar thing like if people aren't watching if they're not in the audience. And then the fourth thing is are your is your behavior your ethics that you're a kind person that your finances and you're are well taken care of and that you're not taking advantage of the students financially or sexually. Yeah and I think I think there have been major scandals in the yoga community. I think almost every major teacher, major tradition has had some major scandals. Yeah, I would call it sex and money. So I think it's not bad to mention it in the first homework when you mention the meaning of the word pada as a chapter or one of the four cornerstones or one of the four legs that a table stands on, I don't think it would be inappropriate to talk about the four legs of a good teacher. I like to mention the sex and money morality thing last because it stays with people and frankly yoga has taken a lot of serious hits in the last few years where it has a it's starting to get a a bad reputation because of some some of the teachers so I think it's probably worth it in question five to talk about the force the four legs of a good teacher and to talk about you know I find it's always helpful to talk about that as a student, you're not required to be put up with abuse by the teacher, you know, and that a teacher should have, they should not take advantage of their students, either sexually or financially or emotionally. I think if you mention it in the first homework even, maybe in this question, it would be good to talk about it. And I think it raises confidence in our audience, which will be an online audience. So I think if you mention it, I think it would be good. And needless to say, all of us who are going to be on this platform, you pretty much can blow up the platform and you can blow up 19 other people's lives if you don't keep your life together this way. And we've seen that, you know, we've seen one person can blow up, you can blow up many years of work by me or by other people in a week or a couple of days of misbehavior. So I think it's good to mention it here. And I think it'd be interesting, I think it'd be useful for us to mention it in question five. Whoever takes that question, I think it would be good to talk about these issues openly because of the, there have even been new scandals in the last year in some of the very, you know, mainstream yoga teaching organizations. So I think it's good to to talk about it frankly and to say that it's not part of yoga that you abuse your students and it's not part of yoga that you have to put up with abuse like that. Okay. And the problem is with yoga is that probably you're going to be in close physical contact and you're going to stir up sexual feelings with the channel work. So it takes a lot, it takes more control for a yoga teacher to be careful this way than it does with say a philosophy teacher. Although both teachers have problems. Okay, question number six, and by the way, let's see, we'll see how far we go, probably 3.30 or a little bit after that. We said 3.30, Connie, I think? Yes, we did say 3.30. Okay, we'll say 3.30. I think Thursday is the day when we might go to two hours if we need. Okay, Question six says, name the traditional four chapters of the Yoga Sutra in both Sanskrit and English. Then list some of the most important topics found in each chapter. And I think this is great. I think it's always great. Oh, by the way, I wanted to mention one thing about the word sutra. It's not... Ma Kya. Okay, Ben Kramer. What's the Ma Kya I'm going to say about sutra? I'll give you $50. I don't know when Just because it's a suture doesn't mean it was spoken by the Buddha Nope, not in this context But it's a good answer but it's not the one I'm looking for but you're almost there You got the format right Just because it was a suture doesn't mean it's short Good God dang, I didn't offer you the money Okay, word it's your responsibility to remind me when I see you okay okay yeah i mean and there's and then you can point to the hundred thousand verses in the perfection of wisdom sutra right there's a hundred thousand verses there's a 25 000 verses there's a 20 000 verses there's a 10 000 verses there's a 15 000 verses there's a 12 000 version okay uh name the four chapters of the yoga sutra first chapter and i like to call them cornerstones okay the first cornerstone is the chapter on meditation which is samadhi bada and there i put the sanskrit technical spelling for you samadhi bada and major topics include the definition of yoga how we misunderstand our world the modes of the mind throughout the day the five paths or stages of spiritual progress spiritual teacher and spiritual obstacles and their antidote so those are some of the big chapters from the some of the big topics from the first chapter and you know if this was a tibetan class a monastery class you should be able to quote those topics with your eyes closed if you're going to take this question you know so I if you if you take this question I encourage you to to be able to to quote the major topics in each chapter from memory and people ask me you know how do you do public speaking you know and I frankly I haven't taught it at SCIM that much but one of the suggestions I definitely have for a public speaker is the ability of short-term memorization okay and it's extremely important in the monastery because we debate every most nights we are debating sometimes it's in the afternoon but I'd say five out of seven days we're debating for two three hours and there's this thing that you learn to do because you don't have any choice is that you're not allowed to take reference books into the debate grounds. So you have to commit things to memory. Most people cram it in in the half hour before the debate bell rings. So you get very good at cramming short-term memory, you know cramming uh topics here you got one two three four five six you got six major topics in the first chapter so you know this is supposed to be kind of a teacher training for all you guys and one very important skill i would say as a public speaker or as a teacher online or in in public is short-term memory. So take the time, take the trouble to memorize what are the six major topics of the first chapter. And you won't remember them next week, a week later, but they will partly stay in your mind, okay? And so I encourage you to develop the skill of a short-term memory when you're a public speaker. If you can not look down at your notes and you can speak extemporaneously without notes because you've memorized the six major topics of the first chapter, at least you memorized what they are, it's an extremely important skill for a public speaker, okay? So I would really encourage you if You can break every question down here, every answer down here, you can break it down into maybe five parts and memorize them. And it's not a big deal. What's a Shanti, okay for $20, what's Shanti Davis famous example for doing it if you were forced to? Walking across with a ball of water. Exactly. So Coco, shopping, you keeping track all this money I owe? so coco get 20 right yeah and and mr human computer gets 50 okay all right yeah uh there's they're saying uh you could keep your mind focused on your meditation object if a guy was standing next to you with a knife pointed at your neck and and said he would slit your throat if you lost the meditation object, you could do it. Everyone could do it if they had to, you know. So, and Coco's correct that the example is you can walk across a room with a bowl completely filled with water and not spill any if a guy was walking next to you with a knife up to your throat. Why did I mention that? For zero dollars. That we could remember the topics. Yeah. I said I'm going to stab you in the heart if you can't give me the six topics of the first chapter. Suddenly you would gain the ability to remember them, you know. So I tell you it's about a 50% difference in a public speaker if you have a short term memory and you don't need to look at your notes. okay so I really encourage you I think your online videos would be better if you and you know this is something frankly you can do in your meditation time every morning if you're teaching that day I used to have moral discussions with myself whether it was not very moral to use my meditation time to memorize my talking topics and then I decided it was completely moral because it would keep it in my mind forever on some level. So yeah, you can use your meditation time to review the topics of your class without opening your eyes, okay? All right, second cornerstone, Sadhana Bada. And by the way, I don't go into why they're called what they are called, but I call it the chapter on the way. And I'm personally emphasizing the word top in dhupetap, which is the Tibetan translation for sadhana, which means a way of reaching somebody. So sad means to reach something. And I don't know, John, Mr. Campbell, you can, you know, I spent like a half hour with Veronica trying to find an English cognate for sad. And yeah, I don't know. You can find one if you really wrestle with it. And the key to finding cognates is to find out what happens to DH. as a final under other circumstances. Okay, a word has method and episode. Yeah, very well could be. So anyway, I translate sadhana in this case as a way. And again, I'm struggling to make it meaningful and short and easy and easy to remember. So how many major topics we've got here? The five, oh, by the way, if you really know your Buddhist scripture, that the Yoga Sutra much more, and I'm not just being, what do you call it? Loyal to my own tradition, but like the components of the path of preparation are precisely and in order mentioned in the Yoga Sutra. So I think a great deal of the Yoga Sutra is, in my opinion, is directly taken from Buddhism or directly Buddhist topics. So I'm not squishing it into Buddhism. I think it's extremely close if you know your Buddhism well. If you come to the Mixed Nuts classes, you can easily see how the Yoga Sutra topics very Buddhist. But I'm not trying to get all the Hindus in the audience to give up Hinduism and become a Buddhist. But what I'm saying is, if you read the Sutra with your knowledge of Buddhism, it's very fruitful and it comes out very well and it can be very helpful to people. Okay, so we get five mental afflictions, which nowadays I call... negative emotion. Yeah, because affliction doesn't pass the waiter test at all. The pandemic is an affliction in the ancient meaning of the word, but you know, it's not a word that we use in normal English. I have struggled my whole life not to use words in my Buddhism that normal people don't use in English. It just means something that bothers you right okay karma and its consequences the four higher truths notice i didn't say all right trish i didn't say noble right which is one of my pet peeves uh and the first five of the eight components of yoga which is the most important part right so we get uh it there is where you find like the probably the most famous two parts of the ashtanga which is the physical poses and the breathing practices. Okay third cornerstone is the chapter on practice which is vibhuti bada and vibhuti can also mean I think miracles and it doesn't fit the chapter at all there's nothing in the chapter about miracles and or it's not the theme of the chapter at all so anyway The final three of the eight components of yoga: the concept of combined effort, which if I remember is vipassana and vipassana and shamatha, and worldly and ultimate results of the combined effort and the inner body. Fourth cornerstone chapter on absolute purity, kaivalya, kevala means absolute, okay, and the only really common place you see it is Kevala Kumbhaka, which is the spontaneous, where you spontaneously stop breathing. And if any of you guys practices meditation very regularly and practices your yoga regularly, you will be sitting someplace and you will stop breathing for 10 minutes and you won't notice it. And I'm not talking on a yoga mat. I'm saying you could be in a library reading a book and you suddenly notice haven't breathed for 10 or 15 minutes and that's Kevala Kumbhaka. So it's a natural or it's a natural stoppage of the breath. Kumbhaka means a stoppage of the breath. So Kaivalya comes from that word and here it just means absolute in the sense of purity. And by the way, if you do stop breathing for 10 or 15 minutes, because your meditation practice is so regular and you're thinking about emptiness a lot, then suddenly you realize the emptiness of breath, meaning your body doesn't need air, your body's living on karmic seeds, your body doesn't need food, your body doesn't need air to survive. And I've had yoga teachers who forced me to sit down and try to hold my breath for two minutes and then they said try to hold it for three minutes and then try to hold it for four minutes and I personally don't believe, my personal experience is that it doesn't cause Kevala Kumbhaka, it doesn't, it just kind of gives you a headache and it makes it kind of messes up your prana I think. So I think the way to reach the stoppage of the breath is completely different. It's not a physical practice, it's a spiritual practice and then suddenly your breath stops and then suddenly the implication of that is you don't need oxygen to survive and it's not oxygen that's that's keeping your body going. Okay, anyway, mental foundation of attainments, how the mind perceives the mind's own mistake, which is kind of talking about can the mind perceive the mind, and then the final destruction of karmic seeds. The last chapter is short, some people think it was tacked on at the end. I think if you're skillful you can make a, you can make it an important part of the yoga sutra. Okay, let's finish this homework while we're here. We have eight more minutes. why is the first chapter of the Yoga Sutra called the chapter on meditation? So it says the methods and levels of meditation are not actually covered that much in first chapter more in the third chapter okay. The major subject treated in the first chapter is actually the five paths which correspond to the five Buddhist paths okay. But explanation about the five paths is that to move from one to two, to move from two to three, to move from three to four, to move from four to five, you have to be in meditation. You have to be in deep state of meditation. So my teacher Rinpoche used to call it graduate. You don't graduate to sophomore class from freshman class unless you're in meditation. So the whole process of progress through the five paths which are taught in detail in the first chapter is always in meditation. So meditation is a theme or a sutra which ties together the five paths and then finally the ultimate goal of yoga is also called meditation in the cloud of Dharma, Dharma Megasamadhi. Okay and that's mentioned in the final chapter. So there you go. I will select some modern normal photos to go with these ideas and then you guys write in to Connie, whoever is it and you know if you find yourself attracted to one of these questions, if one of these questions really got you kind of interested or excited then then write in to Connie and tell her you'd like to take that question. Of course if everyone takes the same question, Connie's going to have to make decisions about who gets to do the question. And then so some of us are going to be stuck with the question that we didn't ask her to do. And I'll tell you something interesting. In the Geshe course, we are assigned topics for our Geshe exam and we actually select them out of a bowl. They put all the topics, the traditional topics are put in a bowl and we take a piece of paper out and that's our topic. And it's a very famous thing that oftentimes you get a topic that you didn't want and that you have no interest in. And then because it's your pre-Geshi exam, they call Rick Chung exam, you have to go study it and you have to go master it. And I would say that tantrically speaking it turns out to be the best thing in your life that you got that question. So if Skani gives you a question, assigned you a question because nobody else wanted it and you didn't want it either, throw yourself into it and try to find out why Vajrayogini gave you that question and I suspect you will benefit from it more than the one you thought you were interested in. Does anybody have any questions or comments? Yes I have a question. Yeah. Any would you put any extra weight on any of these questions? You mean would I add anything? No no just in terms of the timing. Oh in time yeah let me look at that let me look at that that question. I would say here's how I would rate things okay in this whole homework okay so Ben and Kendra's question I think is very important and I would probably give it the most time of the whole homework. The meaning of Patanjali's name I would rate that somewhere in the middle and why because I would milk it for the idea of ahinsa you know. The fourth question about why to learn Sanskrit, I wouldn't rate it that highly, maybe somewhere in the middle okay. The fourth question about the meaning of the word sutra, I think you could milk this one and those extra comments, you know, of why it's short or why it's good to be short. So I would rate that a little bit above halfway. The meaning of the four, question five, you know, why are they called paras? It's actually looks like the least important question on this page, but if you take it to the four qualities of a good teacher, especially the ethical part, then I think it's the most important question on this page because, also because of the bad reputation yoga has got in the last few years because of the misbehavior of some teachers. And then the question about the important topics, It's going to take some skill for a teacher, one of us, to tie those topics together into an overview of where you want to take your yoga practice, so which I did not do today. So I'd rate that as slightly above average importance. And then the last question, it doesn't mean a lot to the people in the audience yet so I would rate it somewhere below halfway or something okay all right any other questions or comments we have a few minutes everyone's asleep already I have a question. I'm wondering, sorry I'll put my video on. Okay. Hi, so you know who's talking. I was wondering, we talked about people not knowing the word asana and we talked about people wanting to be yoga teachers. So I think it would be helpful to have a description of who our target audience is, a little write-up about who our audience is to help us formulate our talks. Yeah again when we first presented these courses in New York the people who ended up being interested were I'd say 70% yoga teachers, people who decided to be yoga teachers or they were interested in yoga in a in a big way so I don't think it would be inappropriate to I don't think it would be inappropriate to kind of aim your presentation at a person who might become a yoga teacher. Yeah and again I say that knowing that I think 80% or 75% of people who go to a yoga teacher training never become a yoga teacher but those who I kind of feel the only people, I don't think a person who has no interest in teaching yoga would be that interested in going in dragging through the whole yoga sutra but I hope so but I don't think they're gonna come on their own because it's a pretty technical presentation. There's more stuff in the first homework than you get in most yoga trainings I think. So you know And I taught at those trainings, so I know. I taught at them for 10 years at Sivananda. So, you know, I think that's my take on it. That's who I think is going to want to take this course. Okay, any other questions? Geshe-Lab? Yeah. Hi, the last one. You didn't say very much about it and there's not much on it. Should we go into embellishing that? Yeah, and you know, the way that John Campbell added some stuff to his answer, to his presentation, I like it. And I think it shows initiative and it also makes the question your question. It helps you own the question. if you can inject something from your personal life or something from your personal experience. The way Kendra talked about her dance practice, I think that's great. Yeah, and if I got assigned the last question, I would beef it up also. Any other? Oh no, Erin's got it. Oh, we were just saying that that first topic we talked about today of how much Sanskrit to use, would it be worth kind of coming up with some guidelines so that, because I don't think we really came up with an answer or I didn't really feel an answer. So we're thinking like should we make it so that if we do use a word it's absolutely necessary, we talk about how it's useful or is there a way to kind of make a guideline or is it I'll leave it up to Connie, but maybe Aaron would be a good guideline recorder. And by the time we finish, we have a, and then I wouldn't try to put too much work in it. Anything you can do within a half hour after this Monday session goes on to our policy thing for our teachers. And not more than that, because you won't have time. yeah so uh if it's good with connie it's good with me if you could kind of record these decisions about policy yeah i think i think again i i distinctly remember my first week of buddhism classes in india and uh everyone in the room knew these 10 sanskrit words and i didn't know them and it was very uncomfortable and I almost quit. - So do you think just don't use any or? - No, we have to. - I know we have to use some 'cause the goal is to learn 50 by the end of the class, of course. - Well, maybe it's a catch 22, you see, you have to add enough Sanskrit to make it look like you know what you're talking about. And I don't think that's a small issue. I think it's important to add some Sanskrit so they do think you know what you're talking about. But also you don't wanna make it culty make them feel like they are purposely excluded if they don't learn these words you know yeah yeah okay okay i know when i go to a yoga class and they mention the the medical names for all these uh parts of your body and and it after about 10 minutes of that i just get really irritated i'm like i don't care where my maximus pukubus pitobus is because i will never remember this word and why why can't you just point to it and say this muscle here you know and and uh you know i it's a pet peeve of mine in a yoga class you know by the way Jacqueline took pretty good notes we'll put those up and they include all the instructions that Geshe Michael just gave yeah I think what Erin's talking about though and I it'd be useful if, Connie, if you agree, that she makes a super brief, you know, 50 guidelines from from the next 10 weeks. Great, yeah, we do have, we've started one of those. Yeah, okay, and if it's too many, we won't look at it, and if it's, you know, if we don't make it at all, we'll all argue later about how much Sanskrit Gisela said we could use you know so yeah. Okay I just wanted to give you a sample uh if you can see my video I happen to be having like the glitchy effect happening right now I just wanted you to see what the problem is with the special backgrounds. I learned this thing from John Brady called the if you can't fix it feature it. Cool. So you know if I was you I'd say look how cool this is. It's like my yoga body, you know, and I don't have a problem with it if you make a joke about it. You see what I mean? And then it becomes part of the presentation. That bunk bed, John, is just the same I had when I was a kid. That's where I'm sleeping right now. I don't know how you can do that. I had four brothers and we were all stucked into one room. Oh my God. Okay. yeah are you recommending that we all have virtual backgrounds then no i'm not recommending that i love your background i wish i had this sun over here i don't know what's what's the problem i see it's still blue sky over there you get brown in the sun i get red and then i go to the doctor and they cut my face out so yeah you're lucky anybody else i'm gonna turn you off Don't forget to send me your choices this evening. Yeah, and I'll try to send, I'll work on the images right now, Connie, and then we can send them to everybody. Thank you, Gesha. And I'll update the flow, okay? Oh, sorry, just one note. For people who got money from Gesha, could you press email, text me to how you want to get the money by PayPal, text me private. We can mail it to you also. You can give it to ACIP. That's not going to happen. Okay, anyway, I will pay when I have to. Okay, see you guys. Thank you. I love you. Thanks, Anton. Thanks. Okay, bye. This is going to be cool. It's going to be cool. Thank you, Connie, JB. I'll talk to you real soon. Bye, guys. Thank you. do Tum, tum, tum, tum.